[The neurovascular costoclavicular compression syndrome does not exist].

The term 'neurovascular compression syndrome' refers to a heterogeneous group of signs and symptoms thought to be generated by the compression of arteries, veins or nerves, which is caused by the anatomical relationships of muscles, ligaments and bony structures in the thoracic outlet. Most cases are related to nerve compression; arterial and venous compression accounts for 1-3% of cases. The term 'neurovascular compression syndrome', which does not refer to a single entity, is confusing and should be avoided. Rather, a clinical problem thought to arise in the thoracic outlet should be described in terms of the underlying arterial, venous or nerve impairment. Indications for surgical intervention are limited: there is no evidence to suggest that patients who undergo surgery fare better than those who receive non-surgical treatment.