Arthroscopic and open management of dynamic scaphoid instability.

This article focuses on the pathophysiology and treatment of dynamic scaphoid instability. Cadaver studies suggest that dynamic instability results from isolated injury to the scapholunate interosseous ligament without damage to the dorsal intercarpal and dorsal radial lunotriquetral ligaments. The diagnosis may be made by dynamic fluoroscopic examination, including stress and load views. The role of arthroscopy is twofold: (1) it enables the surgeon to distinguish between a complete, grossly unstable scapholunate interosseous space that requires open treatment and (2) it permits direct visualization of the reduction and percutaneous pinning of the articulation in an effort to stabilize the joint. Operative indications, open and arthroscopic techniques, and results are discussed.