Cisnormativity, human rights and vulnerability of young transgender women to HIV: An analysis based on their youth trajectories.

In Brazil, young transgender women (YTW) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV, which persists despite technological advances in biomedical prevention. This study explores how rights violations across different areas of life shape YTW's vulnerability to HIV through an intersectional lens. We conducted 13 in-depth interviews and one group interview with YTW participating in an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) cohort. Thematic analysis with intersectional sensibility focused on six dimensions: family, schooling, romantic-sexual relationships, friendships, work, and health. The results show that gender transition impacted all areas. Rights violations prevailed in family and school settings, while supportive friendships and romantic relationships contributed to protecting their rights. A synergistic effect emerged: family disruptions hindered education, leading to precarious jobs and increased exposure to sexual exploitation. Conversely, family and school support promoted education continuity and access to basic needs. Though healthcare discrimination was reported, HIV services were largely respectful and extended care beyond prevention. The findings highlight how interconnected rights violations during youth can deepen HIV vulnerability. Effective prevention must extend beyond biomedical access to include strategies that protect rights and strengthen community and institutional support for YTW.