The Epistemic Fallacy: Unintended Consequences of Empirically Treating (Clinically Diagnosed) Chronic Lyme Disease in a Soldier.

We document a military patient presenting with a diffuse set of symptoms suggestive of chronic Lyme disease (CLD) and the subsequent empiric treatment and health complications arising therein. The lay medical community, spurred by the internet, has ascribed these diffuse symptoms to various illnesses including CLD without confirmatory serological evidence of any underlying disease. With a growing community of patient advocates, CLD has become an illness with broad and highly generalized list of clinical symptoms and an absence of agreed-upon confirmatory laboratory tests. Further complicating matters, diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols differ between the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society guidelines. Clinicians also face serious challenges in diagnosing and treating patients who present with generalized symptoms and close to 50 diagnostic tests for Lyme disease available in North America. Further complicating the picture for military patients seeking medical confirmation of a disease and resolution of their symptoms, medical fitness boards use putative diagnoses as prima faciae evidence in disability. Here a military patient with a long list of complaints that defy any clear or easy diagnosis and treatment is discussed. However, these symptoms taken together with selectively summed notes in the medical record in the absence of convincing and clear laboratory confirmation are suggestive of CLD and its complications, but no resolution was ultimately reached. With the presumptive determination of a medical disability due to CLD by the medical board, the medical dismissal of this service member from active duty occurred.