A Systematic Review of the Role of Surgical Approaches on the Outcomes of the Tibia Pilon Fracture.

BACKGROUND

The role of each surgical approach on the outcomes of pilon fractures has not been investigated in a systematic review.

METHODS

This systematic review was conducted with a thorough literature search on PubMed using the keywords ("pilon" OR "plafond") "fracture." Only articles written in the English language that have been published within the past 15 years and discussed the surgical approach were considered.

RESULTS

A total of 733 patients were included in this review. All the fractures were either OTA Type B or C fractures: 157 were Type B and 576 were Type C. Anterior and medial approaches have some of the best results in the literature with respect to complication rate. The posterolateral and anteromedial approaches have markedly higher complication rates.

CONCLUSIONS

The anterolateral group had the largest number of patients-comprising one third of the entire study population. The anterior approach had one of the lowest complication rates with a patient base that had a high proportion of OTA Type C fractures. The medial approach produced a low complication rate over a larger patient base that had a higher proportion of OTA Type B fractures.

LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV: Systematic review.