Evaluation of the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: a retrospective cohort study.
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Demirci Ufuk, Baysal Mehmet, Aksoy Elif, Mastanzade Metban, Bozer Denis Sabriye, Gül Duygu, Gültürk Emine, Hunutlu Fazıl Çağrı, Oral Kübra, Gedük Ayfer, Diz-Küçükkaya Reyhan, Canbaz Burak, Özmen Deniz, Beyhan İbrahim, Kaya Ayşe, Yiğitbaşı Ahmet, Yılmaz Mehmet, Çiftçiler Rafiye, Kara İlknur, Turunç Ali, Sadri Sevil, Yiğit Kaya Süreyya, Yaman Samet, Eroğlu Küçükdiler Ayşe Hilal, Köseoğlu Fatoş Dilan, Güven Serkan, Doğan Ali, Uğur Mehmet Can, Çelik Serhat, Şentürk Yıkılmaz Aysun, Tiryaki Tarık Onur, Kars Taha Ulutan, Cömert Melda, Aksöz Zekeriya, Yıldız Abdülkerim, Yönal Hindilerden İpek, Hindilerden Fehmi, Saydam Güray, Özkocaman Vildan, Uysal Ayşe, Akay Olga Meltem, Demir Ahmet Muzaffer, Gürkan Emel, Kaynar Leylagül, Akpınar Seval, Özkalemkaş Fahir, Ümit Elif G, Eşkazan Ahmet Emre
Аннотация
Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is an uncommon but clinically significant complication of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), contributing to morbidity and management complexity. Evidence regarding prognostic factors and optimal anticoagulation strategies remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes in patients with SVT associated with MPNs. In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 289 adult patients with SVT associated with MPNs were analyzed. The median age at SVT diagnosis was 49 years, with 74% of patients < 60 years, indicating a predominance in younger individuals. Portal vein thrombosis was the most common presentation (87.5%). Over a median follow-up of 82 months, survival was significantly better in patients < 60 years (p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, age ≥ 60 years and myelofibrosis were independent predictors of inferior survival (both p < 0.01), whereas early recanalization was not associated with survival. Bleeding complications occurred in 27% of anticoagulated patients, with no fatal events. Direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists showed comparable bleeding profiles, although major bleeding was more frequent with vitamin K antagonists. Despite early recanalization, most patients continued long-term anticoagulation. In conclusion, MPN-associated SVT predominantly affects younger patients, underscoring an age-independent prothrombotic risk. Survival is primarily driven by age and disease subtype rather than thrombotic characteristics. Given the persistent thrombotic risk despite bleeding complications, long-term anticoagulation remains central to management and requires individualized decision-making. Prospective studies are needed to optimize treatment strategies.