Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stearoxy ether hydrogel loaded with aloe vera peel-derived extracellular vesicle mimetics promotes wound healing in diabetic mice.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Wang Jiatong, Wu Peng, Hu Juan, Wang YiLin, Lang Tianci, Tan Yue, Yu Ge, Cai Shizhu, Liu Ruihan, Sun Yichi, Liu Nan, Wang Fang, Zang Linghe, Liu Dongchun
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The impaired healing of diabetic wounds under hyperglycemic conditions presents a major challenge. While Aloe vera gel is known for wound healing, the potential of its peel is underexplored. This study aimed to develop a scalable production method for Aloe vera peel-derived extracellular vesicle mimetics (AVp-EVMs), screen an optimal hydrogel for their delivery, and evaluate their efficacy in diabetic wound healing.
METHODS: AVp-EVMs were produced via high-pressure homogenization and ultracentrifugation. Their effects on keratinocyte (HaCaT) proliferation/migration and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages were assessed in vitro. Two hydrogels (non-ionic Sangelose 60L and ionic Carbomer 940) were screened as carriers. Finally, AVp-EVMs and the optimal hydrogel formulation (HG-EVM) were evaluated in a diabetic mouse wound model by monitoring wound closure, histology, and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: AVp-EVMs showed good biocompatibility, promoted keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and were effectively internalized. They suppressed LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). The Sangelose hydrogel preserved the AVp-EVMs structure better than the Carbomer hydrogel. In diabetic mice, both AVp-EVMs and HG-EVM dressing promoted wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization, reducing inflammation, and improving collagen deposition and alignment. The HG-EVM group achieved the highest wound closure rate (97.2%), significantly outperforming free AVp-EVMs injection (94.9%; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: This study establishes a production method for AVp-EVMs. The non-ionic Sangelose hydrogel is an effective delivery vehicle, and the HG-EVM formulation enhances diabetic wound healing more effectively than free AVp-EVMs alone.
METHODS: AVp-EVMs were produced via high-pressure homogenization and ultracentrifugation. Their effects on keratinocyte (HaCaT) proliferation/migration and anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages were assessed in vitro. Two hydrogels (non-ionic Sangelose 60L and ionic Carbomer 940) were screened as carriers. Finally, AVp-EVMs and the optimal hydrogel formulation (HG-EVM) were evaluated in a diabetic mouse wound model by monitoring wound closure, histology, and immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: AVp-EVMs showed good biocompatibility, promoted keratinocyte proliferation and migration, and were effectively internalized. They suppressed LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). The Sangelose hydrogel preserved the AVp-EVMs structure better than the Carbomer hydrogel. In diabetic mice, both AVp-EVMs and HG-EVM dressing promoted wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization, reducing inflammation, and improving collagen deposition and alignment. The HG-EVM group achieved the highest wound closure rate (97.2%), significantly outperforming free AVp-EVMs injection (94.9%; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: This study establishes a production method for AVp-EVMs. The non-ionic Sangelose hydrogel is an effective delivery vehicle, and the HG-EVM formulation enhances diabetic wound healing more effectively than free AVp-EVMs alone.