Comparing the causes, circumstances and consequences of falls across mobility statuses among individuals with spinal cord injury: A secondary analysis.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the occurrence of falls and fall-related injuries, and the circumstances of falls among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who ambulate full-time, use a wheelchair full-time and ambulate part-time.

DESIGN

A secondary analysis.

SETTING

Community.

PARTICIPANTS

Adults with SCI.

INTERVENTION: None.

OUTCOME MEASURES: The occurrence and circumstances of falls and fall-related injuries were tracked over six-months using a survey. Participants were grouped by mobility and fall status. A chi-square test compared the occurrence of falls and fall-related injuries, and the time and location of falls, and a negative binomial regression was used to predict the likelihood of falls by mobility status. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine differences in the time to first fall based on mobility status. Group characteristics and causes of falls were described.

RESULTS

Data from individuals who ambulated full-time (n = 30), used a wheelchair full-time (n = 27) and ambulated part-time (n = 8) were analyzed. Mobility status was a significant predictor of falls (P < 0.01); individuals who used a wheelchair full-time had a third of the likelihood of falling than those who ambulated full-time (P < 0.01). Type of fall-related injuries differed by mobility status. Those who ambulated full-time fell more in the daytime (P < 0.01). Individuals who ambulated full-time and part-time commonly fell while walking due to poor balance, and their legs giving out, respectively. Those who used a wheelchair full-time typically fell while transferring when rushed.

CONCLUSION

Mobility status influences the likelihood and circumstances of falls. Mobility status should be considered when planning fall prevention education/training for individuals with SCI.