[Morbidity in newborns of term associated with tract of birth].

BACKGROUND

Injuries associated to tract of birth and breathing disease constitutes a risk for life and function in the perinatal period, with an incidence referred in national literature that varies from 2-7% for the first one to 12.4% in the international literature for second.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the incidence of injury associated to the tract of birth and breathing disease in newborns of term and compare the morbidity from birth among both tracts.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: Comparative, prospective, analytic cohort study. 350 newborns in term through vaginal tract were included, and 350 by abdominal tract. Injury associated to the tract of birth and breathing disease were analyzed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: for comparison among groups chi2 and t of Student, relative risk was determined.

RESULTS

Injury associated to the tract of birth incidence was 5.1%, breathing pathology 13.7%. The ones born by vaginal tract had an increment in the frequency of injuries compared to those born by abdominal tract (p = 0.006). There was no statistic difference in the breathing disease among both channels of birth. Nevertheless the comparison between programmed caesarean vs. caesarean preceded by labour obtained a p = 0.004.

CONCLUSIONS

Injuries associated to birth in newborns by vaginal tract are conditioned mainly by forceps. There was no statistical significance of breathing disease when comparing both channels of birth. The caesarean preceded by labour provoked less respiratory morbility than programmed caesarean.