Zinc-curcumin based complexes in health and diseases: An approach in chemopreventive and therapeutic improvement.

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound isolated from turmeric rhizome, displays antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbial, antiviral, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, immune boosting and other chemopreventive and therapeutic properties. However, the efficacy of curcumin is confined due to its aqueous insolubility, instability, low intestinal absorption, poor bioavailability, and systemic elimination. Therefore, to overcome these issues and enhance pharmacological activities of curcumin, a complex of curcumin with metals such as zinc have been synthesized. Curcumin acts as a ligand and forms a stable complex with zinc. In this review, the improved protective, and therapeutic activities of zinc-curcumin complexes are discussed. Zinc-curcumin conjugates have exhibited enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic properties. Zinc-curcumin complexes have also displayed hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and osteogenesis efficacy. These protective and therapeutic efficacies of zinc-curcumin conjugates were associated with modulation of multiple molecular mechanisms including decreased inflammatory cytokines, increased antioxidant enzymes, quenched free radicals, decreased blood glucose levels, decreased insulin resistance, induced apoptosis markers, and restored function of tumor suppressor protein p53 in cancer cells. Overall, applications of zinc-curcumin complex could be a new approach against various diseases and could also be helpful in improvement of health.