Recall memory deficit in schizophrenia. A possible manifestation of prefrontal dysfunction.

Patients with schizophrenia have memory deficits when compared to other neuropsychiatric and normal samples, but the mechanism by which the deficits arise is obscure. In the present study, 13 older, less educated normal subjects, and 31 inpatients with schizophrenia were administered the Selective Reminding test. In addition, the schizophrenic patients received the Mini Mental State Exam and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. While normal subjects performed at a higher level on various measures of recall, a significant effect of repeated trials was present for each group for each measure, indicating that both groups learned. Normal subjects also outperformed the patients on a test of recognition memory. However, the patients exhibited a significantly greater disparity between recognition and recall than did the normal subjects, suggesting they were better able to acquire new information than to retrieve it ('forgetting to remember'). Moreover, anergia, a factor measure on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, correlated significantly with recall, but not recognition memory, in the patient group. The data are suggestive of prefrontal-type cognitive and behavioral deficits in schizophrenia.