A serum microRNA classifier for the diagnosis of sarcomas of various histological subtypes.

Due to their rarity and diversity, sarcomas are difficult to diagnose. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for a novel diagnostic test for these cancers. In this study, we investigated serum miRNA profiles from 1002 patients with bone and soft tissue tumors representing more than 43 histological subtypes, including sarcomas, intermediate tumors, and benign tumors, to determine whether serum miRNA profiles could be used to specifically detect sarcomas. Circulating serum miRNA profiles in sarcoma patients were clearly distinct from those in patients with other types of tumors. Using the serum levels of seven miRNAs, we developed a molecular detector, Index VI, that could distinguish sarcoma patients from benign and healthy controls with remarkably high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (95%), regardless of histological subtype. Index VI provides an approach to the early and precise detection of sarcomas, potentially leading to curative treatment and longer survival.