Endometrial pneumatosis (emphysematous endometritis).

Endometrial pneumatosis, also referred to as pneumopolycystic or emphysematous endometritis, is a rare condition reported only twice previously in the literature and only once as an isolated finding. We report a case of endometrial pneumatosis in a 43-yr-old patient who underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy for treatment of a symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. No predisposing factors towards pneumatosis were identified and in particular there was no evidence of immune impairment, diabetes mellitus, uterine infection, or prior surgical intervention. Endometrial pneumatosis remains an enigmatic condition of uncertain etiology but it appears to be self-limited with no known pathologic sequelae.