Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 2025
Relationship between preconception protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.
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Omoto Takahiro, Kyozuka Hyo, Murata Tsuyoshi, Fukuda Toma, Isogami Hirotaka, Okoshi Chihiro, Yasuda Shun, Yamaguchi Akiko, Sato Akiko, Ogata Yuka, Nagasaka Yuichi, Hosoya Mitsuaki, Yasumura Seiji, Hashimoto Koichi, Nishigori Hidekazu, Fujimori Keiya, Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Аннотация
AIMS: To investigate the relationship between preconception protein intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS: We analyzed data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, focusing on 80,346 participants (mean age 31.3 ± 4.9 years; mean body mass index 21.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2) who delivered between 2011 and 2014. These participants had no history of diabetes mellitus, no previous diagnosis of GDM, and did not use steroids during pregnancy. Participants were categorized into five groups based on preconception protein energy ratio quintiles (Q1 and Q5 represent the lowest and highest intake, respectively). Continuous variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test, and categorical variables using chi-square tests. Primary outcomes were GDM, early-diagnosed GDM (Ed-GDM, diagnosed at <24 weeks), and late-diagnosed GDM (Ld-GDM, diagnosed at >24 weeks). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis with the middle quintile (Q3) as the reference.
RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that using the Q3 group as the reference, the Q5 group had a higher risk of Ed-GDM (aOR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.06-2.07), whereas the Q1 group had a lower risk of Ed-GDM (aOR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.48-0.996). However, no significant differences were observed in the risk of GDM and Ld-GDM.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher preconception protein intake was associated with increased Ed-GDM risk. Further research is needed to refine dietary recommendations for preconception protein intake.
METHODS: We analyzed data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, focusing on 80,346 participants (mean age 31.3 ± 4.9 years; mean body mass index 21.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2) who delivered between 2011 and 2014. These participants had no history of diabetes mellitus, no previous diagnosis of GDM, and did not use steroids during pregnancy. Participants were categorized into five groups based on preconception protein energy ratio quintiles (Q1 and Q5 represent the lowest and highest intake, respectively). Continuous variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test, and categorical variables using chi-square tests. Primary outcomes were GDM, early-diagnosed GDM (Ed-GDM, diagnosed at <24 weeks), and late-diagnosed GDM (Ld-GDM, diagnosed at >24 weeks). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis with the middle quintile (Q3) as the reference.
RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that using the Q3 group as the reference, the Q5 group had a higher risk of Ed-GDM (aOR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.06-2.07), whereas the Q1 group had a lower risk of Ed-GDM (aOR 0.69, 95 % CI 0.48-0.996). However, no significant differences were observed in the risk of GDM and Ld-GDM.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher preconception protein intake was associated with increased Ed-GDM risk. Further research is needed to refine dietary recommendations for preconception protein intake.