The value of computer tomography, orbital venography and carotid angiography in the diagnosis of exophthalmos.

On the bases of 25 patients examined by orbital venography, computer tomography, (CT scanning) and sometimes carotid angiography, the diagnostic value of each of these methods is evaluated. The data obtained are compared with the corresponding information from the literature. In view of the findings it can be stated that CT scanning can be regarded as the primary neuroradiological examination in cases of exophthalmos. Orbital venography gives supplementary information in cases of varices and venous malformations. Angiography is the method which supplies the maximum of information when cavernous sinus fistulae are clinically suspected. With reference to 3 patients it is explained that in such selective angiography of the internal and external carotid and the vertebral artery is indicated.