The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness · 2026
Pulmonary gas exchange responses during submaximal running with blood flow restriction.
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Lubiak Sean M, Proppe Christopher E, Rivera Paola M, Howard Mason A, Prajapati Anuj J, Shah Niriham M, Patel Nihar N, Zak Roksana B, Schmidt Jeffrey T, Hill Ethan C
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Blood flow restriction (BFR) implemented during aerobic exercise has been shown to alter cardiopulmonary responses under intensity-matched conditions, but its effects relative to maximal running speed and the gas exchange threshold (GET) remain unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine cardiopulmonary (oxygen consumption [V̇O<inf>2</inf>] and carbon dioxide production [V̇CO<inf>2</inf>]) responses during submaximal running with BFR relative to maximal running without BFR and the GET.
METHODS: Fifteen aerobically trained females completed a custom ramp protocol to determine peak running speed and GET. Participants randomly completed four, three-minute running bouts at 70%<inf>BFR</inf>, 80%<inf>BFR</inf>, and 90%<inf>BFR</inf> of their top speed with BFR and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf> of their top speed without BFR. Separate Bayesian repeated-measure models were performed to examine differences in V̇O<inf>2</inf> and V̇CO<inf>2</inf> during the final minute of the bouts.
RESULTS: V̇O<inf>2</inf> largely increased across bouts but was similar between the 80%<inf>BFR</inf> and 90%<inf>BFR</inf> (Mean<inf>diff</inf>=-2.26±-0.44 mL·kg-1·min-1) bouts as well as the 90%<inf>BFR</inf> and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf> (Mean<inf>diff</inf>=-2.54±0.03 mL·kg-1·min-1) bouts. V̇CO<inf>2</inf> also increased across bouts and was similar between the 90%<inf>BFR</inf> and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf> (Mean<inf>diff</inf>=-0.25±-0.02 L·min-1) bouts. Relative to GET, V̇O<inf>2</inf> and V̇CO<inf>2</inf> was greater during each bout (GET < 70%<inf>BFR</inf>, 80%<inf>BFR</inf>, 90%<inf>BFR</inf>, and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf>).
CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary gas exchange during submaximal running with BFR was comparable to maximal running without BFR (i.e., 90%<inf>BFR</inf> and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf>) and greater than speed-matched running (i.e., relative to GET). Thus, BFR may serve as a training adjunct to lower the intensity (i.e., ≤10%) relative to the GET.
METHODS: Fifteen aerobically trained females completed a custom ramp protocol to determine peak running speed and GET. Participants randomly completed four, three-minute running bouts at 70%<inf>BFR</inf>, 80%<inf>BFR</inf>, and 90%<inf>BFR</inf> of their top speed with BFR and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf> of their top speed without BFR. Separate Bayesian repeated-measure models were performed to examine differences in V̇O<inf>2</inf> and V̇CO<inf>2</inf> during the final minute of the bouts.
RESULTS: V̇O<inf>2</inf> largely increased across bouts but was similar between the 80%<inf>BFR</inf> and 90%<inf>BFR</inf> (Mean<inf>diff</inf>=-2.26±-0.44 mL·kg-1·min-1) bouts as well as the 90%<inf>BFR</inf> and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf> (Mean<inf>diff</inf>=-2.54±0.03 mL·kg-1·min-1) bouts. V̇CO<inf>2</inf> also increased across bouts and was similar between the 90%<inf>BFR</inf> and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf> (Mean<inf>diff</inf>=-0.25±-0.02 L·min-1) bouts. Relative to GET, V̇O<inf>2</inf> and V̇CO<inf>2</inf> was greater during each bout (GET < 70%<inf>BFR</inf>, 80%<inf>BFR</inf>, 90%<inf>BFR</inf>, and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf>).
CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary gas exchange during submaximal running with BFR was comparable to maximal running without BFR (i.e., 90%<inf>BFR</inf> and 100%<inf>NOBFR</inf>) and greater than speed-matched running (i.e., relative to GET). Thus, BFR may serve as a training adjunct to lower the intensity (i.e., ≤10%) relative to the GET.