Pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders: challenges and a clinical update.

Pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders are common and can range from relatively benign conditions such as functional constipation to more serious disorders such as achalasia, Hirschsprung disease, and intestinal pseudoobstruction. Performing and interpreting motility evaluations in children presents unique challenges and is complicated by a dearth of control information, underlying gastrointestinal developmental maturation, technical challenges (eg, catheter size limitations), and patient cooperation. Primary diseases such as congenital pseudoobstruction or Hirschsprung disease occur more often in children, but as with adults, abnormal motility may be secondary to other processes. Diagnostic studies include radiographic studies, manometry, breath testing, myoelectrical testing, and histologic evaluation. Although recent advances in technology, genetics, and biology are making an important impact and have allowed for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and therapy of gastrointestinal motility disorders in children, further research and new therapeutic agents are needed.