New Zealand veterinary journal · 2021
Presence and shedding of Chlamydia psittaci in waterfowl in a rehabilitation facility and in the wild in New Zealand.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Soon X Q, Gartrell B, Gedye K
Аннотация
AIMS: To determine the frequency of Chlamydia psittaci infection, shedding dynamics of C. psittaci, and C. psittaci genotype diversity in waterfowl temporarily resident in a rehabilitation facility and in mallards in the wild.
METHODS: Conjunctival-choanal-cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy captive wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 114) and paradise shelducks (Tadorna variegata; n = 10) temporarily housed at a waterfowl breeding and rehabilitation facility (Wellington, NZ) and from wild mallards in Palmerston North (n = 50), and Southland (n = 50). DNA extracted from the swabs was analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) high-resolution melt curve (HRM) analysis, targeting the ompA gene of C. psittaci.
RESULTS: Of the captive waterfowl, 39/114 (34%) mallards and 6/10 (60%) paradise shelducks were positive for C. psittaci as were 24/100 (24%) wild mallards. All wild mallards and paradise shelducks carried only C. psittaci genotype C. In captive wild mallards, genotypes A and C, and a mixed infection of both genotypes were found. Captive wild mallards and paradise shelducks were found to be shedding 4 to 5 × 104 and 1 × 105 to 4 × 105 copies of C. psittaci DNA per swab, respectively, with wild mallards shedding 4-677 DNA copies/swab.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on qPCR-HRM analysis, a high proportion of wild mallards were infected with C. psittaci but these birds were shedding only a small amount of bacterial DNA. The proportion of sampled ducks that were infected and the extent of bacterial shedding were higher in the birds in a wildlife rehabilitation facility. The major C. psittaci genotype found in the mallards and paradise shelducks was genotype C. This is the first detection of C. psittaci genotype A and co-infection of genotype A and C in ducks.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results indicate that mallards are a reservoir of C. psittaci and therefore may pose a zoonotic risk to people involved in duck hunting, wildlife care and recreational duck feeding. Mallards may also pose a transmission risk to native birds, especially in captive facilities and this has conservation implications for the management of endangered native birds.
METHODS: Conjunctival-choanal-cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy captive wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 114) and paradise shelducks (Tadorna variegata; n = 10) temporarily housed at a waterfowl breeding and rehabilitation facility (Wellington, NZ) and from wild mallards in Palmerston North (n = 50), and Southland (n = 50). DNA extracted from the swabs was analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) high-resolution melt curve (HRM) analysis, targeting the ompA gene of C. psittaci.
RESULTS: Of the captive waterfowl, 39/114 (34%) mallards and 6/10 (60%) paradise shelducks were positive for C. psittaci as were 24/100 (24%) wild mallards. All wild mallards and paradise shelducks carried only C. psittaci genotype C. In captive wild mallards, genotypes A and C, and a mixed infection of both genotypes were found. Captive wild mallards and paradise shelducks were found to be shedding 4 to 5 × 104 and 1 × 105 to 4 × 105 copies of C. psittaci DNA per swab, respectively, with wild mallards shedding 4-677 DNA copies/swab.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on qPCR-HRM analysis, a high proportion of wild mallards were infected with C. psittaci but these birds were shedding only a small amount of bacterial DNA. The proportion of sampled ducks that were infected and the extent of bacterial shedding were higher in the birds in a wildlife rehabilitation facility. The major C. psittaci genotype found in the mallards and paradise shelducks was genotype C. This is the first detection of C. psittaci genotype A and co-infection of genotype A and C in ducks.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results indicate that mallards are a reservoir of C. psittaci and therefore may pose a zoonotic risk to people involved in duck hunting, wildlife care and recreational duck feeding. Mallards may also pose a transmission risk to native birds, especially in captive facilities and this has conservation implications for the management of endangered native birds.