Refinements in reconstruction of congenital breast deformities.

The use of tissue-expansion prostheses offers significant advantages in the reconstruction of congenital breast deformities, including Poland's syndrome. In the patient who has completed normal breast development, expansion on the abnormal side allows the development of adequate overlying skin and enlargement of the nipple-areola complex. It further allows transposition of the nipple-areola complex to a more normal location. In young patients who have not completed full breast development, tissue expanders have been placed beneath the hypoplastic breast and remain in place for many years. Periodic inflation of saline allows symmetry to be maintained as the opposite breast matures.