Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026
Associations of solute carrier family 23 member 1 (SLC23A1) rs6596473 genetic variant with serum vitamin C status and gut microbial profiles in healthy adults: A cross-sectional study.
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Sim Minju, Hwang Geum-Sook, Shin Dong-Mi, Jeong Yunju
Аннотация
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Solute carrier family 23 member 1 (SLC23A1) encodes sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1, which mediates intestinal vitamin C absorption. Although SLC23A1 variants are associated with vitamin C bioavailability, their relationship with gut microbiome remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate the associations of SLC23A1 polymorphism with serum vitamin C status and gut microbial profiles in healthy Korean adults.
METHODS: We genotyped the SLC23A1 rs6596473 polymorphism in 257 healthy individuals (20-39 years) and measured their serum vitamin C concentrations, which were categorized as optimal (≥50 μM) or suboptimal (<50 μM). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between genotypes and suboptimal serum vitamin C status after adjusting for covariates. A subset of 43 participants with suboptimal serum vitamin C status underwent gut microbiota analysis and serum short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurements. Microbial profiles and SCFA concentrations were compared across the genotypes.
RESULTS: The genotype distributions were 92 CC, 131 CG, and 34 GG, with G as the minor allele. After covariate adjustment, GG carriers had higher odds of suboptimal serum vitamin C status than CC carriers (odds ratio = 2.65; p = 0.03). Among individuals with suboptimal serum vitamin C status, GG carriers (n = 7) exhibited distinct microbial community structures compared with CC (n = 13) and CG (n = 23) carriers, with elevated richness and evenness. GG carriers had higher abundances of Bifidobacterium (vs. CC, p < 0.01; vs. CG, p = 0.054) and Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis (all p < 0.05) compared with CC and CG carriers. In line with these microbial findings, GG carriers had higher propionate and butyrate concentrations than CC and CG carriers (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The SLC23A1 rs6596473 variant was associated with reduced vitamin C absorption into systemic circulation in the overall population; however, among individuals with suboptimal serum vitamin C status, it was associated with beneficial gut microbial profiles. Our findings suggest that this genetic variant in the vitamin C transporter has complex health effects that extend beyond circulating vitamin C levels to gut microbial ecology, supporting the use of genotype-informed nutritional approaches.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinical Research Information Services KCT0005074 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=16832&status=5&seq_group=16832&search_page=M) and KCT0004276 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=14590&status=5&seq_group=14590&search_page=M).
METHODS: We genotyped the SLC23A1 rs6596473 polymorphism in 257 healthy individuals (20-39 years) and measured their serum vitamin C concentrations, which were categorized as optimal (≥50 μM) or suboptimal (<50 μM). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between genotypes and suboptimal serum vitamin C status after adjusting for covariates. A subset of 43 participants with suboptimal serum vitamin C status underwent gut microbiota analysis and serum short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurements. Microbial profiles and SCFA concentrations were compared across the genotypes.
RESULTS: The genotype distributions were 92 CC, 131 CG, and 34 GG, with G as the minor allele. After covariate adjustment, GG carriers had higher odds of suboptimal serum vitamin C status than CC carriers (odds ratio = 2.65; p = 0.03). Among individuals with suboptimal serum vitamin C status, GG carriers (n = 7) exhibited distinct microbial community structures compared with CC (n = 13) and CG (n = 23) carriers, with elevated richness and evenness. GG carriers had higher abundances of Bifidobacterium (vs. CC, p < 0.01; vs. CG, p = 0.054) and Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis (all p < 0.05) compared with CC and CG carriers. In line with these microbial findings, GG carriers had higher propionate and butyrate concentrations than CC and CG carriers (all p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The SLC23A1 rs6596473 variant was associated with reduced vitamin C absorption into systemic circulation in the overall population; however, among individuals with suboptimal serum vitamin C status, it was associated with beneficial gut microbial profiles. Our findings suggest that this genetic variant in the vitamin C transporter has complex health effects that extend beyond circulating vitamin C levels to gut microbial ecology, supporting the use of genotype-informed nutritional approaches.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinical Research Information Services KCT0005074 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=16832&status=5&seq_group=16832&search_page=M) and KCT0004276 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=14590&status=5&seq_group=14590&search_page=M).