Rosa Centifolia L. effect on hemostasis: a multifaceted study combining in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico investigations of molecular mechanisms.

Thrombus formation is a major cause of cardiovascular disease-related death. Traditional medicine has long utilized plants for therapeutic purposes. The aqueous extract of Rosa centifolia L., commonly used in Moroccan folk medicine, was investigated for its potential anticoagulant and antioxidant properties. The study assessed platelet aggregation inhibition, bleeding time, antioxidant activity, and coagulation parameters, including activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and fibrinogen concentration. Platelet aggregation was induced using thrombin, ADP, arachidonic acid, and collagen. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the FRAP and β-carotene assays. Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. Additionally, computational molecular docking was performed to analyze the interaction between prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 (COX-1) and kaempferol. The aqueous extract significantly inhibited platelet aggregation and prolonged bleeding time, particularly at 1 mg/ml, where it also extended aPTT. Antioxidant activity was confirmed through FRAP and β-carotene assays. Computational docking of kaempferol with COX-1 generated 10 binding modes, demonstrating favorable binding affinities and validating the docking protocol using the co-crystallized diclofenac structure. The findings suggest that Rosa centifolia L. exhibits anticoagulant and antioxidant properties, supporting its potential therapeutic application in preventing oxidative stress and thrombosis-related disorders.