Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Literature Review of Omics Studies to Molecular Mechanisms.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is characterized by the occurrence of three or more consecutive spontaneous pregnancy losses before 20-24 weeks of gestation. Despite significant progress in the investigation of the biological pathways associated with unexplained RPL, the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Recent advances in multi-omics approaches have identified numerous biomarkers that offer potential avenues for understanding the underlying complexities of RPL. The aim of this comprehensive literature review was to investigate the functional roles of these candidate markers and explore the possible key mechanisms that may contribute to RPL. We also aimed to elucidate the functional networks predicted by omics analyses, which hold promise for providing invaluable insights into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for women experiencing RPL. Furthermore, this review expands on clinical implications and possible applications, highlighting those currently moving towards clinical use and ongoing studies developing in this direction.