Motion sickness and anxiety.

Ninety-four Israeli pilot trainees completed a battery of anxiety related questionnaires: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, EPQ, 16PF, and Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Scores. Self reports and flight instructor observations of motion sickness symptoms were collected after initial flights. No significant correlations were found between these two sources. Anxiety scores derived from the battery of anxiety questionnaires were correlated with self reports of motion sickness but not with instructor observations. Discussion focused on the potential limitations of external observers in assessing motion sickness, the convergence of anxiety assessments, and the overlap between anxiety and motion sickness symptoms. Methodological and practical implications conclude the review.