American journal of surgery · 2007
Navigating murky waters: a modern treatment algorithm for nipple discharge.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Gray Richard J, Pockaj Barbara A, Karstaedt Patricia J
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Many women with nipple discharge undergo operative duct excision with few actually having carcinoma.
METHODS: We reviewed all patients with nipple discharge at our institution from 2001 to 2005. Clinical findings were analyzed to determine an appropriate treatment algorithm.
RESULTS: Nipple discharge was present in 204 patients. Carcinoma was identified in 7 patients (3% of all, 9% of those undergoing biopsy). Age > or = 50 years, abnormal mammography, and abnormal sonography were the only significant predictors of carcinoma. Among patients with unilateral, spontaneous, bloody, or serous discharge with a negative mammogram, the carcinoma risk was 3%. Among patients with unilateral, spontaneous, bloody, or serous discharge with a negative mammogram and subareolar ultrasound, the carcinoma risk was 0%.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with nipple discharge can be divided into risk groups by combining clinical and radiologic findings. Low-risk patients can be offered close clinical follow-up rather than operation. A recommended management algorithm is presented.
METHODS: We reviewed all patients with nipple discharge at our institution from 2001 to 2005. Clinical findings were analyzed to determine an appropriate treatment algorithm.
RESULTS: Nipple discharge was present in 204 patients. Carcinoma was identified in 7 patients (3% of all, 9% of those undergoing biopsy). Age > or = 50 years, abnormal mammography, and abnormal sonography were the only significant predictors of carcinoma. Among patients with unilateral, spontaneous, bloody, or serous discharge with a negative mammogram, the carcinoma risk was 3%. Among patients with unilateral, spontaneous, bloody, or serous discharge with a negative mammogram and subareolar ultrasound, the carcinoma risk was 0%.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with nipple discharge can be divided into risk groups by combining clinical and radiologic findings. Low-risk patients can be offered close clinical follow-up rather than operation. A recommended management algorithm is presented.