Physical examination of the wrist.

A complete examination of the wrist requires both an accurate history and a thorough understanding of carpal anatomy, biomechanics, and pathology. A thorough examination may necessitate evaluation of the radial and ulnar aspects of the carpus as well as potential extra-articular causes of wrist pain. A carefully obtained history is essential to focus the examination. Our standard approach to the examination of radial wrist pain consists of five maneuvers: (1) ANA, (2) scaphotrapezial trapezoid (STT), (3) DWS, (4) SS, and (5) FET. Additional diagnostic tests, as described, are indicated by ulnar wrist or extra-articular symptomatology. Substitution maneuvers serve to distinguish between actual and fictitious findings on examination.