Analytica chimica acta · 2025
De novo design of dual-detection fluorescent sensors for bisulfite and copper (II) ion based on cascade activation.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Tan Tian, Xi Wenyu, Duan Chenxu, Han Ying, Xiao Peikun, Yin Hongqi, Huang Hong, Chen Xulang, Hu Yanjun, Huang Xiaohuan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Cascade activated probes have received extensive attention due to their sequence-dependent detection of multiple markers in pathologic pathways. HSO3- and Cu2+ are biomarkers of intracellular mitochondrial activity, and their simultaneous detection is of great significance. Until now, probes that detect them simultaneously were all based on displacement mechanism with "ON-OFF-ON" switches in an emission channel. In other words, using HSO3- and Cu2+ as two inputs in logic sensing, the inputs of (0,0), (0,1), or (1,1) gave the same "1" output. Therefore, they suffered from the false positive signals in clinical application.
RESULTS: The de novo design of fluorescent probes with a more advanced sensing mechanism was explored. The four dyes, CM-Cu, CMA-Cu, R1, and R2, have similar structures, but their sensing behaviors are quite different. For dual detection of HSO3- and Cu2+, CM-Cu showed emission "ON-OFF-ON" switches based on IMP logic gate; while CMA-Cu, having one more aldehyde, was cascade activated based on AND gate for the first time. Noteworthily, unlike most dual-locked probes, which usually involve a complex synthesis process, here, cascade activation by HSO3- and Cu2+ is achieved by adjusting the electron distribution of a ready-made structure. Coupled with its low toxicity, high specificity, strong solid emission, and anti-diffusion ability, the sensing property of CMA-Cu have been validated in digital encryption and cell imaging.
SIGNIFICANCE: We exhibited how to adjust the dual recognition from displacement to cascade activation by fine-tuning the molecular structure. This study may provide a new idea for the simple design of dual-locked probe, which is helpful for the sequential detection of multiple biomarkers with physiological correlation and could improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis.
RESULTS: The de novo design of fluorescent probes with a more advanced sensing mechanism was explored. The four dyes, CM-Cu, CMA-Cu, R1, and R2, have similar structures, but their sensing behaviors are quite different. For dual detection of HSO3- and Cu2+, CM-Cu showed emission "ON-OFF-ON" switches based on IMP logic gate; while CMA-Cu, having one more aldehyde, was cascade activated based on AND gate for the first time. Noteworthily, unlike most dual-locked probes, which usually involve a complex synthesis process, here, cascade activation by HSO3- and Cu2+ is achieved by adjusting the electron distribution of a ready-made structure. Coupled with its low toxicity, high specificity, strong solid emission, and anti-diffusion ability, the sensing property of CMA-Cu have been validated in digital encryption and cell imaging.
SIGNIFICANCE: We exhibited how to adjust the dual recognition from displacement to cascade activation by fine-tuning the molecular structure. This study may provide a new idea for the simple design of dual-locked probe, which is helpful for the sequential detection of multiple biomarkers with physiological correlation and could improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis.