Preeclamptic women are deficient of interleukin-10 as assessed by cytokine release of trophoblast cells in vitro.

BACKGROUND

It is well known that the acceptance of the fetoplacental unit in human pregnancy requires maternal immune tolerance, which is thought to be regulated locally by the placenta. Therefore an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 plays a critical role in different pregnancy disorders including preeclampsia. In the present study, we examined the expression of both proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2) and immunoregulatory (IL-6, IL-10) cytokines from normal term and preeclamptic patients in human trophoblast cultures.

METHODS

Eleven patients with preeclampsia and 11 patients with a normal pregnancy at term were included in the study. Trophoblast cells isolated from placentas were cultured up to 48 h under standard tissue culture conditions and cytokine release was determined by ELISA. IL-10 synthesis was significantly decreased in the third trimester in preeclamptic patients in comparison with the control group.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6 or TNF-alpha expression but a significant alteration in IL-10 release in trophoblast cultures in vitro in term placentas from preeclamptic patients compared with normal pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS

Because IL-10 is a potent regulator of anti-inflammatory immune response these abnormalities may be associated with the inadequate placental development in preeclampsia.