Development of trachoma control programs and the involvement of national resources.

Trachoma, one of the commonest eye diseases in developing countries, is associated with adverse living conditions and low socioeconomic status. The control of trachoma as a blinding disease has been the target of many national campaigns. The strategy of such campaigns has usually been based on intermittent topical treatment on a mass or selective basis, together with services for trichiasis surgery and health education. National campaigns against trachoma have often been successful on a short-term basis but have not always achieved their long-term goals. Sustained efforts are needed to maintain trachoma control, an area of endeavor that lends itself well to integration with general health services, particularly on a primary health care basis. In addition to logistic aspects, treatment compliance and behavioral patterns related to living conditions must be considered in the design of trachoma control programs.