Association of the newly proposed dietary index for gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND

Alterations of the gut microbiota play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their importance is becoming more widely recognized. However, the relationship between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and the prevalence of CKD has not been fully investigated.

METHODS

This study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018, which included 24,962 people, following the DI-GM's eligibility requirements. This study's statistical methodologies included multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), subgroup analysis, and interaction tests.

RESULTS

Of the 24,962 participants, 4,342 had CKD, representing 17.39% of all participants. The prevalence of CKD exhibited an inverse relationship with CKD, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (low-eGFR), and albuminuria. Specifically, for every one-unit rise in DI-GM, there was a corresponding 5% reduction in CKD prevalence (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 ~ 0.97). In addition, the strength of association between DI-GM and decreased renal function (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.89 ~ 0.95) was higher than that of albuminuria (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 ~ 0.98). Further analysis using RCS indicated a linear association between DI-GM and CKD, low-eGFR, and albuminuria. Moreover, subgroup evaluations revealed that this negative association between DI-GM and CKD, low-eGFR, and albuminuria remained statistically significant in most subgroups.

CONCLUSION

Our research revealed a negative correlation between DI-GM and CKD, low-eGFR, and albuminuria in American adults. This finding suggests that DI-GM may serve as a useful tool to help raise awareness among individuals at high risk for CKD.