When roles replace minds: The gendered costs of the institutional stance.

Jara-Ettinger and Dunham argue that people often adopt an institutional stance, predicting behavior through roles and rules rather than individual minds. In our paper, we show that in feminized domains such as care, service, and administration, role-based processing more readily turns persons into functions, reproducing gender inequality. We propose institutional design interventions that rehumanize through individuation cues and interactional norms.