Therapeutic targeting of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 latency: current clinical realities and future scientific possibilities.

Factors affecting HIV-1 latency present formidable obstacles for therapeutic intervention. As these obstacles have become a clinical reality, even with the use of potent anti-retroviral regimens, the need for novel therapeutic strategies specifically targeting HIV-1 latency is evident. However, therapeutic targeting of HIV-1 latency requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral quiescence and activation. These mechanisms have been partially delineated using chronically infected cell models and, clearly, HIV-1 activation from latency involves several key viral and cellular components. Among these distinctive therapeutic targets, cellular factors involved in HIV-1 transcription especially warrant further consideration for rational drug design. Exploring the scientific possibilities of new therapies targeting HIV-1 latency may hold new promise of eventual HIV-1 eradication.