Familial and hereditary renal cancer syndromes.

Hereditary and familial forms of kidney cancer are encountered routinely in urologic practice. Discoveries in the genetic and molecular biology of these diseases have had a critical impact on the understanding of kidney cancer pathogenesis in nearly all subtypes of renal cortical neoplasms and their clinical features. Developing knowledge in the field has helped formulate new diagnostic and molecular therapeutic strategies for patients who have kidney cancer. This article aims to familiarize the reader with the current understanding of identified syndromes, their biology, and approaches to treatment.