Solar-driven catalytic platforms for closed-loop carbon cycling: CO2 assisting biomass conversion.

The high-value utilization of biomass materials has emerged as a research hotspot, yet the underlying mechanisms and selectivity regulation of photothermal synergy conversion remain underexplored, especially for the CO2 coupling with biomass molecular conversion. Sugar-based molecules, serving as critical renewable resources, have achieved large-scale applications. Based on the strategy of high-quality development around the world, this review systematically intends to conclude the high-value transformation pathways of biomass-derived materials (particularly sugar) coupled with CO2, delving into the various product (solid, liquid, and gas) transformation features during photothermal catalysis have been explained. Through comparative solid product, this study thoroughly examines the conversion mechanisms of biomass molecule, selectivity regulation, and processes from intermediate product evolution to key species generation. Additionally, by analyzing the characteristics of different biomass resources and their market application potentials, this work provides theoretical and practical implications for closed-loop carbon cycles and low-carbon chemical industrial park development, driving renewable energy transitions from a 'linear economy' to a 'circular economy' via photothermal catalytic coupling of biomass and CO2.