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Abnormalities of the sinus node, atrial tissue, atrioventricular node tissue, and specialized conduction system can all contribute to bradycardia. For this reason, the diagnosis and treatment of bradycardia have become challenging. In order to further optimize the assessment and treatment of patients with bradycardia, new guidelines on cardiac pacemaker therapy and cardiac resynchronization therapy were published by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) last year. These include new recommendations for diagnostics, dealing with reflex syncope and treatment algorithms for syncope and bundle branch block. The use of leadless pacemakers is being discussed in selected and especially multimorbid patients as an alternative to conventional transvenous pacemaker implantation. Conduction system pacing as a physiological form of stimulation was included in the guidelines for the first time.