Repeated Clostridium difficile infection after living donor liver transplantation.

Liver transplant recipients are considered to be at high risk for Clostridium difficile infection, with an incidence of 2.7-8.0%, which is three times higher than that among other patients. A case of a patient who suffered from pseudomembranous colitis five times after living donor liver transplantation is reported. A 60-year-old woman underwent splenectomy and living donor liver transplantation using the left lobe of her spouse for primary biliary cirrhosis. The patient made a satisfactory recovery, except for splenic vein thrombosis. She was discharged on postoperative day 36; however, she developed pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile infection five times within 6 months after transplant and was treated with oral vancomycin each time. At the fifth recurrence of pseudomembranous colitis, the patient received vancomycin taper treatment, dietary counseling, and repeat instructions regarding hand hygiene and house cleaning. The patient recovered and is currently well without recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection 36 months after living donor liver transplantation.