[The compartment syndrome--still a threat in traumatology].

Paper presents current opinions on the definition, causes, classification, diagnosis and treatment of the compartment syndrome (CS). The development of CS after the long-bone fractures of the lower extremity and also after the limb operations or trauma without fracture is discussed. The importance of early and correct diagnostics and treatment is also revealed. Authors present several case reports and they stress the importance of early fasciotomy when necessary.