Effects of different extraction strategies on the structural characteristics and biofunction of Stropharia rugosoannulata glycoprotein fractions.

This study systematically investigated the influence of various extraction strategies including water, weak alkaline, salt solution, enzyme and deep eutectic solvent on structural characteristics and biofunction of glycoprotein fractions from Stropharia rugosoannulata (SRGPs). 21 extraction methods were employed to obtain SRGPs that were comprehensively analyzed for protein content, amino acid composition, secondary structure and surface morphology, and in vitro antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects were evaluated. The results revealed that extraction methods significantly affected structure and biofunction of glycoprotein fractions. Weak alkaline extraction enriched β-sheet and galactose in SRGPs with enhanced antioxidant and immunostimulatory properties. NaCl solution increased protein content of SRGPs with higher nutritional value. (NH4)2SO4 solution improved essential amino acid index at expense of bioactivity. Hemicellulase produced glycoprotein with better immunomodulatory activity, while choline chloride-glycerol system preserved nutritional quality. This work provides a scientific reference for selecting suitable extraction strategies to tailor glycoprotein fractions for specific applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical industry.