[Evaluation of cardiac complications among chronic hemodialysis in Dakar].

INTRODUCTION

Hemodialysis is the first extrarenal treatment method that allowed supporting patients in terminal chronic failure in Senegal since 1997. 25 years later, we conducted this study to determine the type and the prevalence of different cardiovascular complications and identify the main cardiovascular risk factors.

METHODS

It is a retrospective study of 4 years. 38 patients treated at least 6 months in hemodialysis and cardiovascular explorations with a front chest x-ray, electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasound. All patients who have not started hemodialysis, treated less than 6 months in hemodialysis, treaties in peritoneal dialysis or having raised cardiovascular explorations were excluded. For each selected patient, we collected data epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary aspects of cardiovascular complications.

RESULTS

38 patients were included in this study. The average age was 52 years ± 12.85 and the sex ratio H/F of 1.53. Initial nephropathy was dominated by the néphroangiosclérose followed by diabetic nephropathy. Clinically the signs of appeal are marked by the effort dyspnea palpitations, chest pain and physically by the HTA, anemia. Cardiovascular complications were dominated by hypertrophy (LVH) left ventricular, rhythm type of arrhythmia disorders valvular leakage (mitral and tricuspid) and cerebral vascular accident (stroke). The average impact of LVH according the HTA is 81%, by sex of 78.26% for men and 60% for women. At the end of the study, 27 patients were pursuing hemodialysis and 11 had died 6 (54%) of cardiovascular cause.

CONCLUSION

Hemodialysis is a common purification technique in Senegal and its complications remain especially dominated by abuses cardiovascular.