Odor Thresholds in Flavor Science: A Data-Driven Review From Mechanisms to Applications.

This study comprehensively reviews the literature and data on olfactory thresholds (OTs) from 1952 to 2024, providing a thorough examination of the formation mechanisms of OTs, the evolution of measurement methodologies and standards, influencing factors, and underlying patterns. We systematically compiled OT data for 848 flavor compounds across 11 distinct matrices, reaffirming the decisive role of standardized measurement methodologies in ensuring data accuracy and comparability. The study reveals potential patterns in OTs and highlights their critical function in flavor science, specifically addressing current key bottlenecks in practical applications within the field. Accordingly, targeted solutions are proposed. Finally, by considering both the current state and long-term requirements of odor threshold research, we outline future research directions. This review calls for increased attention from flavor researchers to this essential metric, aiming to maximize the rigor and scientific integrity of its application.