Etiological aspects of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: results of a case comparison study.

We report the results of a parental questionnaire concerning possible etiological and teratological factors, such as exposure to herbicides, in the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The herbicide Nitrofen interferes with lung development in rats, can induce diaphragmatic hernia and greatly resembles thyroid hormone. No association with the studied teratogens nor with maternal thyroid dysfunction was found. The questionnaire was completed by 33 parents whose baby had CDH, and by 43 couples whose baby had oesophageal atresia. The resemblance of Nitrofen to thyroid hormone, a well-known growth factor for the developing lung, is of particular interest from a pathogenetic point of view in the development of CDH.