Transient neonatal hyperinsulinism with adaptation disorders: a report of three cases.

Transient hyperinsulinism can occur in neonates following exposure to perinatal stress, such as intrauterine growth restriction and birth asphyxia. However, little is known about its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. We report three neonatal cases of transient severe hyperinsulinism complicated with cardiopulmonary problems, thrombocytopenia, and marked erythroblastosis at birth. All cases showed signs of placental insufficiency, indicating that chronic hypoxia and malnutrition during fetal development might be associated with characteristic clinical features after birth. Perinatal stress-associated hyperinsulinism can be regarded as a systemic syndrome characterized by cardiopulmonary and hematological problems due to fetal chronic hypoxia.