Treatment of impotence. 2. Surgical methods.

Most patients with an organic or physical cause of their impotence can be helped, because noninvasive diagnostic testing to identify the disorder and specialized surgical techniques to repair it are available. Occlusion or leakage of the blood supply to the penis is treated with graft bypass, endarterectomy, transluminal balloon angioplasty, or vein ligation. Patients with persistent Peyronie's disease may require plaque excision and graft placement, and sometimes, a penile prosthesis. Different types of penile prostheses have been used successfully.