Glioblastoma with a primitive neuronal component: A case report.

The present study describes a rare case of glioblastoma with a primitive neuronal component (GBM-PNC), and provides an in-depth analysis of the clinical, pathological and differential diagnostic findings. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to enhance the understanding of GBM-PNC, revealing its distinct characteristics and prognostic implications. A 57-year-old woman presented with acute onset headache, nausea and vomiting, leading to the identification of an intracranial mass through magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical resection revealed the coexistence of a glial component and a PNC within the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis detected the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the glial component and synaptin in the PNC. The pathological diagnosis confirmed the presence of GBM-PNC. Gene detection analysis revealed no mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2, and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (NTRK1), NTRK2 and NTRK3 genes. GBM-PNC is characterized by a propensity for recurrence and metastasis, with a low 5-year survival rate. The present case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and comprehensive characterization of GBM-PNC to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.