Historical Perspectives: Low Birthweight and Preterm Infants in Indonesia.

The incidence of infants with low birthweight (LBW), prematurity, and small for gestational age (SGA) in Indonesia remains high, and the morbidity and mortality in these infants are significant. To study these groups of infants in Indonesia, the author searched PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google, Indonesian reports, local publications, and doctoral and master theses in English and Indonesian from 1987 to February 2019. In this review, the development of local reference growth charts of infants born in Indonesia is described, as well as the importance of these curves in defining the prevalence of SGA infants. Some of the risk factors associated with LBW, preterm, and SGA Indonesian infants are described. The author also discusses the effectiveness of specific interventions, such as kangaroo mother care, early initiation of enteral feedings, increased breastfeeding rates, and identifying the optimal timing of hospital discharge. Some of the morbidities associated with LBW infants born in Indonesia are described. Advances in hospital care and postdischarge follow-up of LBW, preterm, and SGA infants born in Indonesia are critical to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates associated with these populations.