siRNA-based Nanocarriers for Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Male Fertility Preservation.

Prostate cancer (PC), a significant global health burden, is further complicated by therapeutic resistance, systemic toxicity, and adverse effects on male fertility associated with conventional treatments. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics offer molecular precision in oncogene silencing and tumor-promoting pathways. However, their clinical translation is constrained by challenges related to stability, delivery, and cellular uptake. Nanocarriers, including lipid-based, exosome-based, and other polymeric-based systems, could enhance stability, specificity, and efficacy. In this review, we highlight biomarker-targeted siRNA codelivery for PC, considering reproductive health and translational barriers, highlighting the future of fertility-preserving and quality of life-oriented therapies.