Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Can We Individualise Therapy or Should One Size Fit All?

Modern medicine increasingly offers the potential to individualise patient care and tailor therapies to meet specific patient needs. Catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation has undergone radical evolution since the advent of early ablative therapies; however, more comprehensive or extensive strategies are now possible. Moreover, novel energy sources, catheters, and mapping platforms are being developed and implemented, raising the potential to deliver ablation strategies more effectively, durably, quickly, and potentially more extensively. This poses the challenge of whether to prioritise anatomical landmark-based ablation or pursue individual mechanisms of arrhythmia on a personalised basis. Thus, this review aims to summarise the current state-of-the-art developments in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, recent advances, and developments in both the ablation and understanding of arrhythmia pathophysiology.