Bioactive cellulose-based thermoresponsive hydrogel with engineered ordered channels for rapid hemostasis and tissue regeneration.

Conventional PNIPAM hydrogels' slow thermal response and weak mechanics limit their wound repair potential. Inspired by muscle laminar structure and phospholipid self-assembly, this study developed a thermosensitive WSCA-PNSA hydrogel using water-soluble cellulose acetate (WSCA) and PNIPAM. WSCA guides PNIPAM self-assembly via hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions and hydrogen bonding, forming ordered lamellar pores. This significantly enhances mechanical strength and thermal response speed. The hydrogel demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, self-adhesion, sustained antimicrobial activity, and rapid drug release. In mouse hemorrhagic liver injury and full-thickness skin defect models, WSCA-PNSA showed superior hemostasis and wound healing. It adaptively filled irregular wounds, adhered tightly, promoted functional skin regeneration, and enabled rapid, scarless healing. This work provides a novel strategy for high-performance wound dressings with significant clinical value.