[Acute complications during middle ear surgery: part 1: Problems during tympanoplasty--what to do?].

Due to the unusual anatomical situation in the middle ear, there are a variety of possible complications that may occur during tympanoplasty. Dislocation of the ossicular chain with and without opening of the labyrinth, injuries to the facial nerve and hemorrhage from large arteries and veins may occur. Adequate management of these complications is necessary in order to avoid further damage for the patient. The first question in case of an acute complication is always whether it is possible to stop the operation. It is also important to determine the time to react, e.g. if an injury of the facial nerve is assumed, when a revision needs to be performed. It also should be considered to refer the patient to a colleague who is not as emotionally involved in the case as the primary surgeon.