Large deletions in the polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene.

Since identification of the genes mutated in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, PKD1 and PKD2, a large number of different germ line mutations in both genes have been found by conventional PCR-based mutation detection methods. Nevertheless, in approximately 40% of the PKD1 families the disease-causing mutation remains to be elucidated. Complex germ line rearrangements are often not detectable by these standard diagnostic techniques. To detect large deletions in the PKD1 gene we performed Field Inversion Gel Electrophoresis (FIGE) followed by Southern blot analysis with probes selected in the unique and in the reiterated region of this gene. Our analysis revealed 4 deletions in 125 patients, indicating that large deletions in PKD1 are rare. Likely, patients with a deletion that also affects the neighbouring Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) gene will be diagnosed as patients with tuberous sclerosis. It was speculated that the exceptional polypyrimidine tract located in intron 21 and the small tract in intron 22, might play a role in the pathogenesis of ADPKD. Since this region is extremely difficult to amplify by PCR, we analysed the 5.8 kb BamHI fragment that contains the polypyrimidine tracts. We did not observe a disease-linked alteration although we detected two different rare variants either in PKD1 or in one of its homologues.