Oxygen in the delivery room.

Immediately after birth the newly born infant aerates the lungs, diminishes pulmonary vascular resistance, and initiates gas exchange. However, under certain circumstances this process will not be adequately accomplished. Asphyxia is characterized by periods of hypoxia and ischemia leading frequently to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The mainstay of newborn resuscitation resides in the establishment of a functional residual capacity and an adequate oxygenation. Recent guidelines have established guidelines which provide counsel on the use of oxygen in term infants. However, preterm oxygenation in the delivery room (DR) has only been defined very vaguely. Herewith, we will address available information regarding the use of oxygen supplementation in the DR both in term and preterm babies for a satisfactory postnatal adaptation.